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Great Trek
The Great Trek ((アフリカーンス語:Die Groot Trek); (オランダ語:De Grote Trek)) was an eastward and north-eastward emigration away from British control in the Cape Colony during the 1830s and 1840s by Boers (Dutch/Afrikaans for "farmers"). The migrants were descended from settlers from western mainland Europe, most notably from the Netherlands, north-west Germany and French Huguenots. The Great Trek itself led to the founding of numerous Boer republics, the Natalia Republic, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal being the most notable.
== Background ==
The Voortrekkers comprised two groups from the eastern frontier region of the Cape Colony, semi-nomadic pastoralists known as ''Trekboers'', and established farmers and artisans known as ''Grensboere'', or Border Farmers. Amongst the Voortrekkers were poor men too belonging to the squatter or bywoner class.〔Ransford, Oliver. The Great Trek. John Murray. Great Britain. 1972. Page 37〕 Together these groups were later called Voortrekkers (Pioneers). While most settlers who lived in the western Cape (later known as the Cape Dutch) did not trek eastward, a small number did.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://explow.com/cape_colony )〕
The first colonists, who arrived in 1652 to set up a depot for the provision of ships under the auspices of The Dutch East India Company, were of Dutch stock. Many later settlers were of German origin and after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, French Huguenot refugees.〔(H C Viljoen. The Contribution of the Huguenots in South Africa. )〕
By 1800, white colonists numbered slightly less than 40,000 and were so interconnected by marriage that they represented a giant family rather than a new polyglot community. The community was governed by The Council of Seventeen in Amsterdam, who governed the far-reaching empire of the Dutch East India Company.〔 During the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) the colony passed into the control of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.〔United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland〕 This was formally ratified in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna. All inhabitants of the now British Colony therefore became British subjects.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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